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Product Descriptions
Many feed products can result from the ethanol production process. They
are described here. Choose a category to go directly to information about:
Co-Products of the Dry Milling
Industry
Corn is about two-thirds starch, which is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide
during a distilling and fermentation process. The remaining nutrients in corn,
such as protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, are concentrated in three different
ways and end up as distillers grains or condensed distillers solubles. Distillers
grains are a co-product of the dry mill process used to make ethanol from corn.
Corn distillers grains contain the remaining nutrients
after the corn starch is fermented to alcohol. The distillers grains can be sold
wet or dried. Wet distillers grains are higher in protein and energy than corn
gluten feed because gluten and oil remain in distillers grains. When distillers
grains are dried they lose some energy value compared to wet products. Dried
distillers grains and dried distillers grains with solubles are marketed widely
around the world as a feed commodity.
Corn distillers dried grains (DDG) is obtained
after the removal of ethyl alcohol by distillation from the yeast fermentation
of a grain or a grain mixture by separating the resultant coarse grain faction
of the whole stillage and drying it by methods employed in the grain distilling
industry.
Corn distillers dried grains/solubles (DDGS) are
recovered in the distillery and contain all the nutrients from the incoming corn
minus the starch. Thus, the DDGS has at least threefold the nutrients as the
incoming grain. Since the stillage is recycled, the ratio of these more valuable
amino acid types continues to increase so that eventually they represent approximately
16% of the final DDGS's amino acid content. No other feed ingredient results
from such a great percentage of microbial products and their back stocking. DDGS
typically analyzes at 27% protein, 11% fat and 9% fiber.
Corn condensed distillers solubles (CDS) is a
term generally used to refer to the evaporated co-products of the grain fermentation
industry. Most of the CDS is added to the dried grains, but some is available
as a liquid feed ingredient. On a dry matter basis CDS typically is 29% protein,
9% fat and 4% fiber. The solubles are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals,
including phosphorus and potassium. CDS can be dried to 5% moisture and marketed,
but generally the dry matter content is between 25-50%.
Wet distillers grains (WDG) can be sold as livestock
feed or dried into distillers grains (DDG). If syrup is added to wet distillers
grains and dried, the resulting product is referred to as distillers dried gains
with solubles (DDGS).
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Iowa Distillers Grains Suppliers – Local Sales
| Company |
City |
Contact |
Phone |
Terms |
Big River Resources, LLC |
W. Burlington |
Ron Stover |
319-768-5864 |
www.bigriverresources.com |
Siouxland Energy & Livestock Cooperative |
Sioux Center |
WDGS: Corrine Spaans
or Sylvia Pruismann
Syrup: Paul Smit |
800-226-8730
712-449-5160 |
|
Quad County Corn Processors |
Galva |
Larry Johnson |
866-397-6830 |
Schedule in advance (24 hour min.), contracts offered |
Corn, LP |
Goldfield |
Duane Madoerin |
515-825-3161 or
800-825-3331 |
Call for contract/load number |
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Average Nutritional Profile
of DDGS
As starch is removed for conversion to ethanol, fat, minerals, vitamins and fiber
are present in the spent grains at a higher proportion. Ethanol production results
in a higher concentration of nutrients present from the corn, as well as synthesis
of other nutrients. The yeast used to ferment the starch contributes positively
when added back to the grains in the form of solubles. This concentration of
protein, fiber, fat and minerals enhances the nutrient viability and value of
DDGS as a specialty ingredient in the ration because of lower inclusion rates
in the diet. By feeding a lower inclusion rate feedstuff, more space is left
in the ration to meet the animal's nutritional requirements without exceeding
recommended daily total dry matter intake.
| Nutrient |
Wet Corn Distillers
Grains |
Corn Distillers
Liquid Solubles |
| Moisture |
66% |
71% |
| |
Dry Matter |
| Protein |
33% |
18% |
| Fat |
10% |
15% |
| Fiber |
10% |
3% |
| Ash |
3% |
8% |
| Calcium |
.04% |
.04% |
| Phosphorus |
.50% |
1.25% |
| Lysine |
1.05% |
.70% |
| Methionine |
.65% |
.25% |
| Threonine |
1.25% |
.70% |
| Tryptophan |
.30% |
.20% |
Today, there is not a standard test done for distillers
grains. AOAC standards are being considered for adoption
by the ethanol industry to provide consistency. The University
of Minnesota recently gathered samples from Midwest plants
to perform the AOAC test and compare nutritional profiles.
To read about the Midwest plant nutritional profiles,
visit the University
of Minnesota's website
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Co-Products of
the Wet Milling Industry
Wet-milling produces four major co-products for the feed industry from the isolated
steep water, bran, germ meal and gluten. Together these co-products represent
about 25%-30% of the corn processed.
Condensed corn fermented extractives or
corn steep liquor is a high-energy liquid feed ingredient.
The protein value analyzes at 25% on a 50% solids basis.
This product is sometimes combined with the corn gluten
feed or may be sold as a pellet binder and is a source
of B-vitamins and minerals.
Corn germ meal is golden-yellow
and is mainly gluten, the high-protein portion of the
corn kernel. Corn gluten meal typically analyzes at 20%
protein, 2% fat and 9.5% fiber. It has an amino acid
balance that makes it valuable in poultry and swine rations.
It is also used as a carrier of liquid feed nutrients.
Corn gluten feed is an
intermediate protein product that is rich in highly digestible
fiber. It may or may not contain the condensed corn extractives.
This product is sold as wet or dry. The bran and condensed
extractives (sometimes germ meal) are combined and dried
in a rotary dryer. The dried corn gluten feed is made
into pellets to facilitate handling. It analyzes typically
as 21% protein, 2.5% fat and 8% fiber. Wet corn gluten
feed (45% dry matter) is similarly combined but not dried.
It is a perishable product in 6-10 days and must be fed
or stored in an anaerobic environment. These feeds are
widely used in complete feeds for dairy and beef cattle,
poultry, swine and pets.
Corn gluten meal is a
high-protein concentrate typically supplied at 60% protein,
2.5% fat and 1% fiber. It is a valuable source of methionine.
Corn gluten meal also has a level of xanthophylls, which
offers the poultry feed formulators an efficient yellow
pigmenting ingredient. Corn gluten meal also is excellent
cattle feed providing a high level of rumen bypass protein.
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New Generation Co-Products
Renewable fuels refineries are constantly seeking improvements
in operating efficiency, product diversification and innovative
measures to take them to the next level of value-added processing. This
new generation of technology is improving the bottom line, reducing
energy inputs, and opening doors for new co-products.
Corn Oil Extraction
Removing crude corn
oil from the syrup before it is mixed with distillers dried grains
provides a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. This
technology creates a new co-product and additional revenue stream
for ethanol refineries along with reduced emissions and energy
use. The resulting feed co-products have a higher protein content
and improved flowability for better product handling and storage.
Corn Fractionation
Increasing ethanol production from
a single bushel of corn is now being done by separating the corn
kernel into its various components instead of grinding the entire
kernel. Additional
starch from the endosperm is available through this method for
fermenting into ethanol. The germ and fiber are used as
feed co-products, providing extra protein and improved flowability.
These advancements also reduce refinery energy inputs and emissions.
Renewable Processing Power
High natural gas prices are
forcing renewable fuels refineries to look for creative energy
sources to provide heat, steam and electricity. One novel
approach is to burn the syrup from the refinery process in a
fluidized bed reactor to generate heat and steam. Using
syrup as an energy source reduces natural gas usage by 60% and
cuts down on dryer use by up to 50%. Consideration
is being given to pelletizing the ash from the fluidized bed
reactor for use as a commercial fertilizer.
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